CTCF, WAPL and PDS5 proteins control the formation of TADs and loops by cohesin
نویسندگان
چکیده
1 Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2 Nuclear Dynamics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom 3 Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany 4 Present address: The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden 5 Present address: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
منابع مشابه
The Cohesin Release Factor WAPL Restricts Chromatin Loop Extension
The spatial organization of chromosomes influences many nuclear processes including gene expression. The cohesin complex shapes the 3D genome by looping together CTCF sites along chromosomes. We show here that chromatin loop size can be increased and that the duration with which cohesin embraces DNA determines the degree to which loops are enlarged. Cohesin's DNA release factor WAPL restricts t...
متن کاملBrca2, Pds5 and Wapl differentially control cohesin chromosome association and function
The cohesin complex topologically encircles chromosomes and mediates sister chromatid cohesion to ensure accurate chromosome segregation upon cell division. Cohesin also participates in DNA repair and gene transcription. The Nipped-B-Mau2 protein complex loads cohesin onto chromosomes and the Pds5-Wapl complex removes cohesin. Pds5 is also essential for sister chromatid cohesion, indicating tha...
متن کاملTranscription-induced supercoiling as the driving force of chromatin loop extrusion during formation of TADs in interphase chromosomes
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show here that growing plectonemes resulting from transcription-induced supercoiling have the ability to actively push cohesin rings along chromatin fibres. The pushing direction is such that within each topologically associating domain (TAD) cohesin rings forming handcuffs move from the source of supercoiling, constituted by RNA polymerase with associat...
متن کاملFormation of Chromosomal Domains by Loop Extrusion.
Topologically associating domains (TADs) are fundamental structural and functional building blocks of human interphase chromosomes, yet the mechanisms of TAD formation remain unclear. Here, we propose that loop extrusion underlies TAD formation. In this process, cis-acting loop-extruding factors, likely cohesins, form progressively larger loops but stall at TAD boundaries due to interactions wi...
متن کاملPds5 promotes cohesin acetylation and stable cohesin-chromosome interaction.
Pds5 and Wpl1 act as anti-establishment factors preventing sister-chromatid cohesion until counteracted in S-phase by the cohesin acetyl-transferase Eso1. However, Pds5 is also required to maintain sister-chromatid cohesion in G2. Here, we show that Pds5 is essential for cohesin acetylation by Eso1 and ensures the maintenance of cohesion by promoting a stable cohesin interaction with replicated...
متن کامل